The story of that night of 25 - June 1975, आपातकाल घोषित 1975

indra gandhi

25 - June 1975, Indra decleared emergency    On the night of 25 June 1975, all the rights of the people were snatched, and the story of the country changed, after which PM Indira said on the radio - the President has declared emergency in the country under Article 352 of the Indian      Constitution.

It has been 46 years since the declaration of emergency. The first emergency was imposed in the country 46 years ago on the night of 25 June with the signature of the then President of India Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed. Which is also called the dark chapter in the history of Indian politics.

 The government of former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had recommended imposition of emergency in the country.

:dark chapter of democracy:

 46 years ago the people of the country heard an announcement on the radio and the news of emergency spread in the country, even though the emergency ended on March 21, 1977 and the country got a strong democracy again. But the day of June 25 is recorded as a dark chapter of democracy.

:INDIRA DECLARED EMERGENCY:

Between 25 June 1975 and 21 March 1977, a 21-month state of emergency was imposed in the country. The first emergency was imposed in the country with the signature of the then President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on the intervening night of 25 June and 26 June. The next morning the whole country heard the message in Indira's voice on the radio, 'Brothers and sisters, the President has declared a state of emergency in the country. The general public need not panic because of this.

ARREST OF LEADERS:

With the declaration of emergency, the fundamental rights of all citizens were suspended. Not only the right to expression, people also did not have the right to live. From the night of 25 June, the round of arrest of all opposition leaders in the country had started. Big leaders like Jayaprakash Narayan, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, LK Advani, George Fernandes, Chandrashekhar, etc. were put in jail. There was no room left in the prisons.

Atal Vihari Bajpai Vajpayee, who was imprisoned during the Emergency, wrote poems on this subject like 'Kisa Chadha Junoon of the discipline in the name of discipline.

CENSORSHIP OF THE PRESS

Many senior journalists were sent to jail. After the Emergency, there were reports of heavy harassment from the administration and the police. Censorship was also imposed on the press. Censor officers were kept in every newspaper, only after their permission a news could be published. Publishing anti-government news can result in arrest.

QUESTION?

From here the big question arises that why did the democratically elected government convert democracy into constitutional dictatorship?

:BACKGROUND OF EMERGENCY:

:JP MOVEMENT, JUDICIARY, PRESS, RAJNARAYAN:

From 1971 onwards, politics also tried to control the Indira government, the judiciary and the press. In 1967, in the Golaknath case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Parliament does not have the right to amend the basic elements of the Constitution. To change this decision, the 24th Constitutional Amendment was introduced in 1971. The conflict with the judiciary had begun.

Chief Justice of Supreme Court

Subbarao, in a majority judgment of seven versus six judges, held that even with a two-thirds majority in Parliament, the provision of Fundamental Rights cannot be abrogated by any constitutional amendment. These can be limited.

Socialist thinker Jayaprakash Narayan (JP) supported the student movement. In 1974, JP appealed to the students, farmers and labor unions to play an important role in changing the Indian society through non-violent means. All these factors affected the image of Indira Gandhi at the national level.

Indira Gandhi had led her party to a big victory in the 1971 elections and herself won by a huge margin. Questioning Indira Gandhi's victory, her electoral rival Rajnarayan challenged Indira Gandhi's election to the Lok Sabha in the Allahabad High Court. Indira Gandhi defeated Raj Narayan from Rae Bareli in the 1971 election. Raj Narayan alleged that Indira Gandhi won this election by misusing the government machinery. Giving a verdict on this on June 12, 1975, Allahabad High Court Judge Jagmohan Lal Sinha declared Indira Gandhi's election invalid. Indira Gandhi challenged this decision in the Supreme Court. On June 24, 1975, Justice VK Krishna Iyer, justifying this decision, stopped all facilities available to Indira Gandhi as an MP. He was barred from voting in Parliament. However, he was given the freedom to continue in the post of Prime Minister.

At that time there was a slogan in the JP movement. Vacate the throne that the people come."

On June 25, 1975, at Ramlila Maidan in Delhi, JP in the event of Indira Gandhi didn't leaving office. Call for an indefinite nationwide movement

:DECLARATION OF EMERGENCY:

Indira Gandhi was so enraged by the Supreme Court's decision and the JP movement of June 25 that she declared emergency in the country the same night citing 'internal unrest'. Recommended imposition of emergency without a formal cabinet meeting to the President , which was signed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed on the midnight of 25 June, and thus imposed emergency for the first time in the country.

:Bengal CM had given advice to impose emergency:

It is heard that the then CM of West Bengal Siddharth Shankar Rai had advised Indira Gandhi to impose emergency in January 1975 itself. Work on the plan to impose emergency was going on. Instructions were given to prepare a list of opposition leaders who are to be arrested.

:ABUSE OF CONSTITUTION:

Indira Gandhi was describing the Emergency as a decision taken according to the Constitution. But in reality he had misused this right given by the Constitution in 1975.

Article 352 of the constitution mentions three types of emergency for imposition of national emergency. First is national emergency, second is President's rule and third is economic emergency. Review: First - If a war-like situation arises, which you can call an external attack. Second- If there is a situation of breach of peace of the country. National emergency can be imposed in India only on the basis of these two arguments. When Emergency was imposed in India in the year 1975, an argument was made to disturb the peace of the country.

Emergency cannot be imposed without the approval of the President. The President can also give this approval only on a written proposal from the Parliament. After the imposition of emergency, it is kept in each house of the Parliament. If there is no opposition to this, then it can be extended for another 6 months. But the emergency which lasted for 21 months was extended 4 times.

Now the question is how does the emergency end. The way the President declares emergency, in the same way, he can also end it in writing.

The President does not need the approval of the Parliament to end the emergency.

38,39 constitution Amendment 

However, judicial review of emergency can be done by the judiciary i.e. the court. But after imposing emergency, Indira Gandhi took away the right of judicial review from the court by making 38th amendment to the Indian Constitution on 22 July 1975. Two months later, the 39th amendment was made to the constitution. According to this, the court could not investigate the election of the person appointed to the post of Prime Minister.